Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that forms the lining of your uterus grows outside of your uterine cavity. The lining of your uterus is called the endometrium. Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows on your ovaries, bowel, and tissues lining your pelvis. Endometriosis is most common on your ovaries.
There are three main types of endometriosis, based on where it is:
You might not notice any symptoms. When you have them, they can include:
Doctors don’t know exactly what causes endometriosis. But they think menstrual blood that contains endometrial cells may pass back through your fallopian tubes and into your pelvic cavity, where the cells stick to your organs. This is called retrograde menstruation.
Your genes could also play a role. If your mom or sister has endometriosis, you’re more likely to get it. Research shows that it tends to get worse from one generation to the next.
Some women with endometriosis also have immune system disorders. But doctors aren’t sure whether there’s a link.
For a proper diagnosis, you’ll need to see a gynecologist to get a pelvic exam. Your doctor might suspect endometriosis based on your symptoms. You may also need other tests, which include:
Your doctor will develop a treatment plan based on stages of endometriosis, and your overall health. You may receive a combination of treatments. Treatments usually include surgery or medication.
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